Building construction



NOV. 4 y

C. STEINBRENNER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed OGL 13.. |922 attoznePatente Nov. 4, i924,

lltag CARL STENBRENNER, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK.

BUILDING: CONSTRUCTION.

Application led October 13, 1922.

T all whom t may concern Be it known that l, CARL S'rniNnRnNNnr., acitizen of the United States, residing at Niagara Falls, in the countyof Niagara and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefullmprovements in Building Constructions, of which the following is aspecification.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a building constructionin which the parts entering into the same are of smaller cross sectionalarea than like parts entering into the construction of a building of asimilar type.

Another object is to provide a building construction in which thevarious members or parts are adapted to be cut and milled at a planingmill ready for setting up and `nailing together, and which parts arecapable of being assembled and set up in a fraction of the time usuallyrequired for a building of like size constructed according to presentday methods.

A still further .object is the provision of a building of novelconstruction having its walls and roof constructed of wood andcomposition material so that the building will be warm in winter andcool in 4summer.

A still further object is to provide a building construction in whichthe quantity of lumber employed in the construction will be considerablyless than usually employed under presentday methods in the building of afra'ne structure of a similar size, and .in which although a smallerquantity of lumber is employed and the various members thereof are ofsmaller cross sectional measurements than usually employed, a more rigidand solid structure will result therefrom.

l/Vith the above and other objects in view to appear hereinafter, theinvention consists in a wooden building construction of theballoon-frame type, having a sill of special construction; also joistsand studs of special construction, as well as rafters and other parts,all assembled and connected together in a new and novel manner.

lt further consists in the walls and roof thereof being constructed ofwood and composition material so that the structure will be warm inWinter and cool in summer.'

It still further consists in the employment of studs of regulation widthand in the Serial No. 594,361.

notching of the same to receive nailing strips for the exterior andinterior closure surfaces, so that a thinner wall results therefromwithout inipairing the strength of the same.

lt further consists in the novel features of construction, and in thearrangement and combination of parts assembled and secured together, asand in the manner set forth and more particularly pointed out in thesubjoined claims.

ln the drawings Fig. l is a vertical transverse section through aportion of a building constructed in accordance with my invention, thestuds between floors being broken away to indicate increased height forthe stories of the building overl thatv shown in the drawing.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through one of the walls and a portion ofa window in the wall.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section through oney of the walls of thebuilding.

Fig. l is a horizontal section through the wall of thereof.

F ig. 5 is a side elevation of one of the second floor joists withadjacent parts of the building structure shown in dotted lines so as tomore clearly illustrate the relation and connection of said joists tosaid parts.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a portion of the inner sill member.

Fig, 7 is a side elevation of one of the ground floor joists withadjacent parts of the building construction shown in dotted lilies, soas to more clearly illustrate the relation and connection of the joiststo said parts.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of a portion of the sill and the adjacent endportions of two joists dovetailed thereinto.

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section through a wall showing the same providedwith two air spaces.

Referencebeing had to the drawing in detail, like numerals refer to likepart-s throughout the several figures. l

A suitable foundation 9 is provided, which may be a wall, or piersspaced apart, and which may be constructed of concrete, stone, or anyother suitable material. Anchor bolts l0 may be molded or set into thefoundation so that they extend upwardly therefrom.

the building, at one of the corners L Resting upony the wall, or piers,is a sill comprising an outer member 11 and an inner member 12, bothmembers being of the same height but the outer being considerablythicker than the inner member. The inner member is spiked or otherwisefastened to the outer member, and the upstanding portions of the anchorbolts 10' are passed through the outer member so that substantially aunitary sill structure is provided, although two sill members areemployed'. The outer sill member is bored at intervals from top tobottom to receive the upstanding portions of the anchor bolts 10, and itis preferably counterbored to enable nuts 13 to be screwed onto theupper' ends of the anchor bolts so that no portion of the bolts needextend above the upper surface of the sill. ln this manner a perfectlysmooth upper surface is provided for thesill. t

Atregular intervals along its length, the inner sill member is notchedfrom itsy upper edge downwardly, as at 14, each notch being dovetailed,the flare of which is from the inner side of the inner sill memberoutwardly to the outer sill member.

The lower or rst floor joists, designated by the numeral 15, aresubstantially of the same depth or height as the sill., and at the outeror wall ends of these joists, each is provided with a dovetailed tenon16, best shown in Figs. 7 and 8, which is fitted Vinto one of thedovetailed notches 14- in the inner sill member 12 and thus ties thejoists to the sills without the use of spikes or nails. These joistsalso rest upon the foundation 9 provided for the building, and eachjoist is notched at its upper edge at regular intervals along itslength, as at 17, the end notches having their outer walls in line withthe inner end of the dovetailed tenons at opposite ends of each joist;cor lesponding;` notches in all joists being in alinement.

It is also to be noted that the lower ends of the tenons rest againstthe inner walls or bottom of the dovetailed notches formed in the innersill member. Nailing strips 1S are fitted into the notches at the upperedges of the joists 15. The nailing strips at the ends of the joists, byreason of the arrange-- ment of the end notches in close proximity tothe dovetailed ends of said joists, bearing with their outer edgesagainst the inner side of the inner sill member 12, as best sh wn in'Fig. 1.

I wish to state that in the ordinary type of balloon frame, buildingjoists are usually arranged on a 16 inch to 16 inch center basis, but asthe construction employed permits the use of joists considerably thinnerthan those usually employed, I prefer to have said joists spaced at 12inch centers. n

A. plate 19 is provided, which extends lengthwise over the sill andrests thereon,

and thisl plate is rabbeted on its under side along its inner edge, asat 20, for a purpose to appear hereinafter. The plate is spiked to thesill and its inner portion, by reason of its being rabbeted asdescribed, is spaced from the sill.

It is to be noted that the grouping of the outer or end nailing strip18, the sill, and the plate 19 so that one bears against another,provides an exceedingly solid structure, without the possibility of anyof these parts yielding under strain, such as a building of this typewould be subjected to.y

Resting upon the plate 19 are the lower licor studs 21 which are thinnerthan the studs usually employed in a building of this type and arepreferably arranged at 12 inch centers. The studs are nailed to theplate 19 and their inner and outer edges are notched at regularintervals along their lengths, as at 22, the notches along the inneredge of each stud being in planesy passing centrally between adjacentnotches at thek outer ede; all studs being correspondingly notched sothat several horizontal seriesr of alined notches are provided at theinner edges and the outer edges of the studs. In these notches, nailingstrips 23 are arranged, the strips being nailed or otherwise fastened tosaid studs. The uppermost nailing strip at the inner edges of the studssupports the second floor joists 241, the ends of each second Hoor joistbeing out away on three levels 25, 26, 2'?, respectively, to form a stepby step support for superposed parts, the lowest step 27 being inalinement with the lower walls of the uppermost series of notches 22 atthe edges of the studs 21 so that when the joists 2s are placed inposition to restI upon the uppermost inner nailing strip 23 of the lowerstuds 21, the uppermost nailing strip 23 at the outer edges of saidstuds rests upon the lowest step 27 of said cutaway portion.

Resting upon the second step 26 and upon the upper edge of the uppermostnailingl strip 23 at the outer edges of the studs 21 is a plate 28,which is rabbeted on its up per side along its inner edge, as at 29, andthe upper surface of which rab'bet is in aliueinent with the upper edgesof the joists 24E so that the uppermost step 2; of the cutaway portionat each end of the joists is converted into a notch, the inner edge ofthe plate 28 serving as one of the side walls of the notch. At regularintervals along the length of Vthese joists 24, the upper edges of thesame are notched, as at 80, and in these notches, as well as the endnotches formed by the uppermost step of the end cut-away portion and theplate 28, nailing strips 81 are secured.

The end nailing strips at the upper edges of the joists 21.1-, theuppermost nailing strip at the outer edges of the studs 21, and theplate 28 are therefore grouped together and lie one in Contact withanother so as to form a solid structure. Nailing strips 32 are alsofastened to the lower edges of the joists 24, the end nailing stripshaving their outer edges in contact with the inner surfaces of theuppermost nailing strip 23 at the inner edges of the studs 21.

` Notched into or resting on the plate 28 are the upper or `second storystuds 33, which are of course alined with the lower studs 2l, and thesestuds are notched in like manner to the studs 2l except that the notchesof the lowermost series at the inner edges of the studs are at theeXtreme lower ends thereof. In these notches nailing strips 34 areplaced and nailed or otherwise fastened, the lowermost nailing strip 34at the inner edges of the studs having its lower edge alined with theunrabbeted portion of the upper surface of the plate 23 so as to convertthe rabbe-t of said plate into a pocket, for a purpose to appear hereinafter.

Resting on and connecting the upper ends of the upper or second floorstuds 33 is a plate 35, preferably made up of two pieces lying one ontop of the other, these plates being spiked, or otherwise fastened' tosaid studs.

36 are coiling or attic joists which rest upon and are spiked orotherwise fastened to the plate 35, and to the lower edges of thesejoists, nailing strips 37 are secured.

Rafters 38 are provided which have V- shaped notches 39 at their inneredges to receive portions of the plate 35, and which are arranged tobear againstthe sides of the ceiling or attic joists and be spiked orotherwise fastened thereto. The outer edges of the rafters are providedwith notches 4() at regular intervals along their lengths, the notchesbeing alined to provide spaced horizontal series, and in each series ofnotches a nailing strip 4l is fastened. rfliese nailing strips, as wellas all other nailing strips in the structure notched into other framemembers, have their outer faces iush with the outer or inner edges, asthe case may be, of said frame members. From the lowermost notch, eachrafter is cut at an obtuse angle, as at 42, to the outer edge thereof toform the outer or lower end of said rafter, and to the ends of allrafters a gutter 43 preferably formed of wood, is secured, this gutterbeing nailed to said rafters and fitted against the outer or lower edgeof the lowermost nailing strip on said rafters.

Arranged between the rafters 3S are filler pieces 44, the inner edge ofeach of which is provided with a V-shaped notch adapted to fit the plate35 and the outer edge thereof is flush with the outer edges of saidrafters, one side of each of said filler pieces resting against andbeing fastened to a nailing strip 41. The ends of these filler piecesare nailed or otherwise fastened to the rafters. By the use of thesefiller pieces a solid structure is provided 'between one of the nailingstrips and the plate 35. At the same time said filler pieces and thenailing strip 41 adjacent the same, provide a finish at the upper end ofthe wall and serve to close the attic at this point, due to the factthat the rafters projecting outwardly and downwardly beyond the wall,are exposed. ln addition to providing a solid structure by this means, aneat finish and inexpensive arrangement for entirely closing the atticis provided.

Fastened to the outer member ll of the sill is a water table 45, whichextends down wardly over a portion of the foundation, and facing theouter side of the wall from said water table to the filler pieces 44,covering material in the form of composition sheets or siding 46 issecured, the same being fastened to the outer edges of the studs 21 and33, and if desired, to the nailing strips 23 and 34 at the outer edgesof said studs.

i.p} 3lied to the Hoor joists 15 and 24, is sanitary compositionflooring 47, the same being nailed to said joists and, if desired, tothe nailing strips 18 and 3l notched into the upper edges of saidjoists. This composition flooring extends into thev rabbeted portion ofthe lower plate 19 and into the rabbeted portion of the plate 28, or asit may be stated, into the pockets formed by said rabbets when taken inconjunction with adjoining parts.

Fastened to the nailing strips at the bottom of the second floor joists24 and the ceiling or attic joists 36, and also to the inner edges ofthe studs 2l and 33, and if desired to the nailing strips 23, 32, 34 and37 at said inner edges, is a sanitary composition ceiling or wall board48. Composition material 49 similar to the composition mateiral 46 isapplied to the roof, as shown in Fig. l, but it is to be understood thatroof boards and shingles, or other roofing material may be substitutedfor the composition material on the roof; that sheathing and clapboards, or shingles,lor any other suitable material may be substitutedat the outer sides of the walls; that any other kind of flooring may beemployed for the composition flooring shown and described; and that theinterior of the walls and the bottom of the floors separating the firststory from the second and the second story from the attic may befinished with lath and plaster, or given any other desired iinish,without departing from certain features of my invention. or sacrificingany of the advantages thereof.

lt will be clear from the foregoing that bi the use of the nailinsY stri9s 23 and 34 y C a the studs are tied together rmly, thus proof twowalls arranged at a vidi-ng a rigid structure, and when the outer andinner finish-ing material 46 and 48 are applied to the studs and nailingstrips, the wall is providedL with an air space, thus assuring acot-nparatively cool housein summer and a warm house` in winter. There,however, is no claim laid to this siT air space, as all balloon-framebuildings, so called, are provided with air spaces et this kind.

l/Vhere walls meet at en angle, hollow corner posts 5t? are provided.'llhese posts are built up troni vertical strips nailec together, eachstrip overlapping one strip and being overlapped by another, the crosssectional dimensions ot the posts corresponding to the depth or width ofthe studs 2l and TwoA sides et said posts are there tore jin alinementwith the two outersides Y ht angle, and to the remaining sides ot saidposts, two of the studs 2l or 33, as the be, are nailed, the inner edgeset the said studs torming the inner angles oi said wells, clearly shownin Fig. 4. The wall covering 46 faces said posts, 'the outer sidethereof angle pieces 52 are secured, said pieces reachii iront the watertable 45 to a liller piece or pieces 44 at the root.

53 Adesignates a window `iarnb, one ot which is arranged at each side awindow opening, and similar jambs or trames'may be used for dooropenings, modified oni);y in respect to the difference in requirementsfor a door over that ot window. The jamb 53 is notched at its outer andinner edges to receive the ends ot the nailing strips 23 or 34, as theoase may be., as clearly shown in liig. 2, the inner side or the jamb atthe outer edge being provided with an integral rib 54 against which oneof the windows 55 slides. said window being confined between said riband a parting stop 56 inserted into the groove 'formed in said jamb. Theinner window 55 slides in contact with said parting stop and with whatis termed the inside sash stop 57.

rlhe inner and outer edges ol' the jamb are laced with. inner and outercasings 58 and el), respectively, said casings extending over thecomposition mater Vl 46 and the corn position material or wall board 4S,case may7 be. The jainb el course, has a width or depth corresponding tothat of the studs 2l or plus the thickness oi the composition material46 and 48.

The walls ot the building` may be ccnstructed as above described, but insome climates l prefer to provide a double air space in each all, asillustrated in Fig. 9, in which the studs of the building, designated inthis figure by the numeral 2l., have the outer nishing material 46 andthe in ner finishing material 48 applied thereto,

a do

as and in the manner shown in. thei precedrigures ot the drawing and, ifdesired, the nailing strips 23 may also be employed but are not soshown. The studs 2lv are grooved lengthwise at opposite sides thereot,as at 60, and in the spaces between the studs, sheets et compositionmaterial 6l or,

desired, wooden sheathing or other material are placed, opposite edgesor opposite ends of such material being i'itted into the grooves et thestuds so that an air space 62 prriivided between the material 6 1 andrhe outer finishing material 46, and an air 'i ice 6.3 is providedbetween said material l and the inner finishing material 48. Thenaterial 6l, which may be referred to as h riding material, magy7 beentered into the \I-rooves or' the studs by sliding the same downwardlytrom the upper ends of the studs atter the latter are erected', or inany other approved manner.

llaving thus described my invention, what l claim is:

l. fr buii v structure having a foundation, a sill resting on saidfoundation comprising thiol; part and a thin part fastened to the innerside ot" said thick part, said parts being of equal height and said thinparts having dovetailed grooves er;- tending from its upper edgedownwardly and terminating short of its lower edge, each groove beingtiared troni its inner side toward said thick part, and joists providedat their ends with dovetailed tenonsy entered in said dovetailedgrooves.

2. fr building structure having a sill, j oists having their endssecured to said sill, each joist having notches at intervals along itslength, one of the notches ot each joist being adjacent said sill andcorresponding notches in said joists being in alinernent parallel withsaid sill, and nailing .strips in the alined notches of said joists, thenailing strips in the alined notches adjacent said sill having theirouter edges in contact with the inner surface of said sill.

3. A building structure having a Yfoundation, a sill resting on saidfoundation and provided with dovetailed grooves, joists havingdovetailed tenons at their ends entered. in said grooves. each of saidjoists having notches along its upper edge, one of said notches vbeingadjacent said sill, nailing strips litt/ed into alined notches of saidjoists and the nailing strip in the notches acent said sill bearing withits outer edge against the inner surface of said sill, a rplate on topof said sill, and studs secured with their lower ends to said plate.y

4. i building structure having a sill, oists secured at their ends tosaid sill, a plate on said sill having a rabbet on its under side alongits inner edge, stud/s set upright on said plate and tlooring fastenedto s aid joists and extending into the rabbet of said plate.

5. A building structure having a sill formed of a thick part and a thinpart secured to the inner side of said thick part and provided withdovetailed grooves ei;- tending from its upper edge downwardly, joistsprovided with end tenons entered into said grooves and having theirupper edges in alinement with the top of said sill, a plate on said sillhaving a rabbet on its under side along its inner edge forming anelongated `pocket of which said sill serves as one of its walls, studssecured with their lower ends to said plate, and composition flooringapplied to the upper edge of .said joists and extending into theelongated pocket formed by said sill and plate.

' 6. A building structure having stucs spaced at intervals and providedwith alinedlnotches at their inne-r and outer edges, the notches at theinner edges being in planes between the notches at the outer edges ofsaid studs, and nailing strips applied to the i notches at the inner andouter edges of said studs.

7. A building structure having spaced studs provided on their outeredges at their upper ends with alined notches and at their inner edgesin a plane beneath said alined notches with a second series of alinednotches, nailing strips secured to the outer and inner notches, joistsresting on the nailing strip at the inner edges of said studs andprovided with cut-away portions at their outer ends conforming to thenailing strip at the outer edges of said studs and receiving said strip.

8. A building structure having a wall formed of spaced studs provided cntheir outer edges at their upper ends with alined notches, a platebearing against the upper ends of said studs and serving as the topwalls of said alined notches, a nailing strip secured in said alinednotches and bearing with its upper edge against said plate, oists havingstepped ends to lit said plate and nailing strip and having their outerends iiush with the outer face of said nailing strip and the outer edgeof said plate, and means on said studs for supporting said joists.

9. A. building structure comprising a wall having spaced studs, a platesecured to the upper ends of said studs` said studs havingu notches attheir outer edges adjacent said. plate, a nailing strip secured in saidnotches and bearing with its upper edge against the under side of saidplate, and joists having triple-stepped ends, said nailing strip fittingthe first or outer steps and said plate fitting the second steps of saidjoists, and a nailing strip fitting the third steps of said joists andhaving its upper face flush with the upper edges of said joists and itsouter edge in contact with the inner edge of said plate.

l0. A building structure having spaced studs and spaced joists securedto said studs, said studs having alined notches at their inner edges andsaid joists having alined notches at their upper edges, nailing stripsfitting the notches of said studs and joists, nailing strips secured tothe lower edges of said joists, and composition wall board and ceilingmaterial secured, respectively, to the nailing strips of said studs andsaid joists.

ll. A building structure havingstuds arranged at intervals, a platesecured to the upper ends of said studs and having' a rabhct at itsupper side along its inner edge, icists secured to said studs and havingtheir upper edges alined with the bottoni wall of said rabbct,v andflooring material secured to said joists and fitting said rabbet i2. Abuilding structure having spaced studs forming one story of thebuilding, a plate secured to the upper ends of said studs and beingrabheted at its upper side along its inner edge, studs forming the wallof another story of the building and receiving support from said plate,said studs having alined rabbets on the inner edges at, their lowerends, a nailing strip secured in said alined rabbets and having itslower edge in alinement with the upper surface of said plate, saidnailing strip co-operating with the rabbet of said plate to form apocket, joists secured to the upper ends of the studs forming thewall ofthe first story of said building and having their ends out to fit saidplate, the upper edges of said joists being alined with the lower wallof said pocket, and flooring material secured to the upper edges of saidjoists and extending into said pocket.

13. A building structure having a side wall, rafters secured to saidside wall, roofing material applied to said rafters, and a filler pieceextending transversely between adjacentrafters from the outer edgesthereof to the upper end of said side wall, the inner edge of saidfiller piece having a V- shaped groove extending lengthwise from end toend thereof and having the walls of said groove bearing against theouter side of said side wall and the upper edge thereof.

14.-. A building structure having a side wall formed of spaced studs anda plate secured to the upper ends of said studs, rafters provided withalined V-shaped notches fitting said plate, nailing strips at. the outeredges of said rafters, roofing material applied to said strips andrafters, and a filler piece extending from said roofing material to saidplate and bearing with its under side against the upper edge of one ofsaid nailing strips.

15. A building structure having a roof formed of .spaced raftersprovided on their outer edges and at their lower ends with alinednotches, the lower ends of said rafters being cut atan obtuse angle totheir outer edges, a nailing strip fitting into said alined notches, anda gutter applied to the lower ends of said rafters and bearing againstthe lower edge of said nailing strip.

v16. A building structure having spaced studs land a frame having anopening, said studs and iranies heilig provided with alined notches,nailing strips fitting into said notches, Wall finishing inaterial atthe outer alnd inner sides of'. said studs and nailing strips, andcasings applied to the outer? and inner edges of said `frame.

17. A building structure vhaving Walls at an angle to each other, eachWall heilig overlaps another and is overlapped by another9 said cornerpost being of square ormation in cross section and of cross sectionaldimensions conforining to the width of said studs, two of said studsbeing applied to the inner sides of said corner posts, nailing stripsYttting the notches of all said studs, covering material applied to theouter edges oli said corner post, studs, and the nailing strips appliedto the outer edge of said studs, Wall finishing material applied tosaidstuds and the nailing strips at the inner edges of said studs, and anglepieces lit-ting onto the angular portion ot' said covering inateriai atthe corners ot said walls.

ln testimonyv whereof I aiiii: my signature.

CARL STEINBRENNER.

